Next Article >
Vol. 21, Iss. 3_supplement, The Impact of Cigarette Smoking on HIV/AIDS
Nancy R. Reynolds, (2009). Cigarette Smoking and HIV: More Evidence for Action. AIDS Education and Prevention: Vol. 21, The Impact of Cigarette Smoking on HIV/AIDS, pp. 106-121.
doi: 10.1521/aeap.2009.21.3_supp.106

Cigarette Smoking and HIV: More Evidence for Action

Nancy R. Reynolds

Professor with the Yale University School of Nursing, New Haven, CT.

Support for this study came from the following sources: NIH, NHLBI, R01HL090313; NIH, NIAID, Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Group, AI38858, AI069419; NIH, NIMH, R01 MH078773; and NIH, NINR, T32NR008346, R01NR005108.

The author acknowledges the principal investigator of R01HL090313, Philip Diaz, MD, and coinvestigator, Mary Ellen Wewers, PhD, MPH, for her long-term support and advocacy for smoking cessation treatment targeting persons living with HIV.

She also thanks the National Institutes of Health, NIAID, NIDA, NCI, and FIC for hosting the “Current Issues in Cigarette Smoking and HIV/AIDS Workshop,” October 9, 2007, to highlight the important understudied issues related to cigarette smoking among HIV-infected persons.

Address correspondence to Nancy R. Reynolds, PhD, Yale University School of Nursing, 100 Church St. South, PO Box 9740, New Haven, CT 06536; e-mail:



As many as 50–70% of persons infected with HIV are current smokers. Compelling evidence concerning the risks of cigarette smoking to persons living with HIV urges the inclusion of smoking treatment protocols in contemporary models of HIV care. Yet in spite of growing awareness of this problem, persons living with HIV are not being effectively treated for tobacco use. To further an understanding of contributing factors and define directions for evidenced-based intervention, factors associated with smoking behavior among persons living with HIV are examined.

Cited by

Alan R. Lifson, Harry A. Lando. (2012) Smoking and HIV: Prevalence, Health Risks, and Cessation Strategies. Current HIV/AIDS Reports
Online publication date: 22-May-2012.
CrossRef
Andrea Villanti, Danielle German, Frangiscos Sifakis, Colin Flynn, David Holtgrave. (2012) Smoking, HIV Status, and HIV Risk Behaviors in a Respondent-Driven Sample of Injection Drug Users in Baltimore, Maryland: The BeSure Study. AIDS Education and Prevention 24:2, 132-147
Online publication date: 1-Apr-2012.
Abstract | PDF (113 KB) | PDF with links (126 KB) 
J. Craig Phillips, John L. Oliffe, Mary H.H. Ensom, Joan L. Bottorff, Laura J.L. Bissell, Jack Boomer, Kerry MacKelvie O’Brien, Terry Howard, Milan Khara. (2012) An overlooked majority: HIV-positive gay men who smoke. Journal of Men's Health
Online publication date: 1-Jan-2012.
CrossRef
Julie C. Gaardbo, Hans J. Hartling, Jan Gerstoft, Susanne D. Nielsen. (2012) Incomplete Immune Recovery in HIV Infection: Mechanisms, Relevance for Clinical Care, and Possible Solutions. Clinical and Developmental Immunology 2012, 1-17
Online publication date: 1-Jan-2012.
CrossRef
Adam Gonzalez, Jennifer Barinas, Conall O’Cleirigh. (2011) Substance Use: Impact on Adherence and HIV Medical Treatment. Current HIV/AIDS Reports
Online publication date: 20-Aug-2011.
CrossRef
D. J. Vidrine, R. M. Marks, R. C. Arduino, E. R. Gritz. (2011) Efficacy of Cell Phone-Delivered Smoking Cessation Counseling for Persons Living With HIV/AIDS: 3-Month Outcomes. Nicotine & Tobacco Research
Online publication date: 13-Jun-2011.
CrossRef
Jian Wang, Xing Li Wang. 2011. The Process of Cigarette Smoking. , 37-53.
CrossRef
Bernadette Capili, Joyce K. Anastasi, Olugbenga Ogedegbe. (2011) HIV and General Cardiovascular Risk. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS care
Online publication date: 1-Feb-2011.
CrossRef
Suchita Pakkala, Suresh S. Ramalingam. (2010) Lung Cancer in HIV-Positive Patients. Journal of Thoracic Oncology 5:11, 1864-1871
Online publication date: 1-Nov-2010.
CrossRef
Harry A. Lando, Bethany J. Hipple, Myra Muramoto, Jonathan D. Klein, Alexander V. Prokhorov, Deborah J. Ossip, Jonathan P. Winickoff. (2010) Tobacco Control and Children: An International Perspective. Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonology 23:2, 99-103
Online publication date: 1-Jun-2010.
CrossRef
Linda Drach, Tim Holbert, Julie Maher, Victor Fox, Stacey Schubert, Laura Chisholm Saddler. (2010) Integrating Smoking Cessation into HIV Care. AIDS Patient Care and STDs 24:3, 139-140
Online publication date: 1-Mar-2010.
CrossRef