To help offer the best experience possible, Guilford uses cookies on its site. By browsing here, you acknowledge our terms of use. For more information, see our Cookie Policy.
You can also read Guilford's Privacy Policy.

×
Skip to main content

ALL ACCESS PASS: All Guilford journals for 30 days, just $49.95 | Click on any article to purchase 

We investigated the relationship between various character strengths and life satisfaction among 5,299 adults from three Internet samples using the Values in Action Inventory of Strengths. Consistently and robustly associated with life satisfaction were hope, zest, gratitude, love, and curiosity. Only weakly associated with life satisfaction, in contrast, were modesty and the intellectual strengths of appreciation of beauty, creativity, judgment, and love of learning. In general, the relationship between character strengths and life satisfaction was monotonic, indicating that excess on any one character strength does not diminish life satisfaction.

References

  • Allport , G. W., & Odbert, H. S. (1936). Trait-names: A psycho-lexical study. Psychological Monographs, 47 (Whole No. 211), 1–171. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Aquinas, T. (1989). Summa theologiae (T. McDermott, Trans.). Westminster, MD: Christian Classics. Google Scholar
  • Aristotle (1962). The Nicomachean ethics (D. A. Reees, Ed.). Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press. Google Scholar
  • Baron, J. (2000). Thinking and deciding (3rd ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar
  • Berkowitz, M. W. (2002). The science of character education. In W. Damon (Ed.), Bringing in a new era in character education (pp. 43–63). Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press. Google Scholar
  • Birnbaum, M. H. (Ed.). (2000). Psychological experiments on the Internet. San Diego: Academic Press. Google Scholar
  • Bok, S. (1995). Common values. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press. Google Scholar
  • Campbell, A., Converse, P.E., & Rodgers, W.L. (1976). The quality of American life. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. Google Scholar
  • Cawley , M. J., Martin, J. E., & Johnson, J. A. (2000). A virtues approach to personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 28, 997–1013. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Cicero, M. T. (1960). Selected works (M. Grant, Trans.). London: Penguin Books. Google Scholar
  • Comte-Sponville, A. (2001). A small treatise on the great virtues (C. Temerson, Trans.). New York: Metropolitan Books. Google Scholar
  • Confucius. (1992). Analects (D. Hinton, Trans.). Washington, DC: Counterpoint. Google Scholar
  • DeNeve , K. M. & Cooper, H. (1998). The happy personality: A meta-analysis of 137 personality traits and subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 124, 197–229. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Diener , E. (1994). Assessing subjective well-being: Progress and opportunities. Social Indicators Research, 31, 103–157. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Diener , E. (2000). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index. American Psychologist, 55, 34–43. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Diener , E. (2003). What is positive about positive psychology: The curmudgeon and Pollyanna. Psychological Inquiry, 14, 115–120. Google Scholar
  • Diener , E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction with Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71–75. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Diener , E., Oishi, S., & Lucas, R. E. (2003). Personality, culture, and subjective well-being. Annual Review of Psychology, 54, 403–425. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Diener , E., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2002). Very happy people. Psychological Science, 13, 80–83. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Emmons, R. A., & Hill, J. (2001). Words of gratitude for the mind, body, and soul. Radnor, PA: Templeton Foundation Press. Google Scholar
  • Frisch, M. B. (2000). Improving mental and physical health care through quality of life therapy and assessment. In E. Diener & D. R. Rahtz (Eds.), Advances in quality of life: Theory and research (pp. 207–241). Dordrecht, Netherlands, Great Britain: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Google Scholar
  • Furr , R. M., & Funder, D. C. (1998). A multimodal analysis of personal negativity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1580–1591. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Gillham , J. E., Reivich, K. J., Jaycox, L. H., & Seligman, M. E. P. (1995). Preventing depressive symptoms in schoolchildren: Two year follow-up. Psychological Science, 6, 343–351. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Goldberg, L. R. (1999). A broad-bandwidth, public domain, personality inventory measuring the lower-level facets of several five-factor models. In I. Mervielde, I. Deary, F. De Fruyt, & F. Ostendorf (Eds.), Personality psychology in Europe (Vol. 7, pp. 7–28). Tilburg, The Netherlands: Tilburg University Press. Google Scholar
  • Kilburg , R. R. (1996). Toward a conceptual understanding and definition of executive coaching. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 48, 134–144. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Lebo, H. (2003). The UCLA Internet report: Surveying the digital future-year-three. Los Angeles: University of California Regents. Retrieved July 31, 2003, from http://www.ccp.ucla.edu/UCLA-Internet-Report-Year-Three.pdf Google Scholar
  • Lewinsohn, P., Redner, J., & Seeley, J. (1991). The relationship between life satisfaction and psychosocial variables: New perspectives. In F. Strack, M. Argyle, & N. Schwarz (Eds.), Subjective well-being: An interdisciplinary perspective (pp. 141–172). Oxford: Pergamon Press. Google Scholar
  • Loewenstein , G. (1994). The psychology of curiosity: A review and reinterpretation. Psychological Bulletin, 116, 1, 75–98. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Lovallo , D., & Kahneman, D. (2003, July 1). Delusions of success: How optimism undermines executives' decisions. Harvard Business Review, 81(7), 56–63. Google Scholar
  • McCullough , M. (2000). Forgiveness as human strength: Theory, measurement, and links to well-being. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 19, 43–55. LinkGoogle Scholar
  • McCullough , M. E., & Snyder, C. R. (2000). Classical sources of human strength: Revisiting an old home and building a new one. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 19, 1–10. LinkGoogle Scholar
  • McDermott, D., & Snyder, C. R. (1999). Making hope happen. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger. Google Scholar
  • Miller, T. (1995). How to want what you have. New York: Avon. Google Scholar
  • Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2003, March 12). Assessment of character strengths among youth: Progress report on the Values in Action Inventory for Youth. Presentation at the Child Trends Conference on Indicators of Positive Youth Development, Washington, DC. Google Scholar
  • Peterson, C., Park, N., & Seligman, M. E. P. (in press). Assessment of character strengths. In G. P. Koocher, J. C. Norcross, & S. S. Hill, III (Eds.), Psychologists' desk reference (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar
  • Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Character strengths and virtues: A classification and handbook. New York: Oxford University Press/Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Google Scholar
  • Polivy , J., & Herman, C. P. (2002). If at first you don't succeed: False hopes of self-change. American Psychologist, 57, 677–689. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Roth , J. L., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (2003). Youth development programs: Risk, prevention, and policy. Journal of Adolescent Health, 32, 170–182. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Ryan , R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 141–166. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Schwartz , S. H. (1994). Are there universal aspects in the structure and contents of human values? Journal of Social Issues, 50(4), 19–45. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Seligman, M. E. P. (2002). Authentic happiness. New York: Free Press. Google Scholar
  • Seligman , M. E. P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55, 5–14. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Shimai, S., Otake, K., Park, N., Peterson, C., & Seligman. M. E. P. (2003). Character strengths in a Japanese sample. Unpublished data, Kobe College, Japan. Google Scholar
  • Snyder, C. R. (Ed.). (2000). Handbook of hope: Theory, measurement, and interventions. New York: Academic Press. Google Scholar
  • Snyder , C. R., & Rand, K. L. (2003). The case against false hope. American Psychologist, 58, 820–822. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Tabachnik, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics (4th ed.). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon. Google Scholar
  • Taylor , S. H., Klein, L. C., Lewis, B. P., Gruenewald, T., Gurung, R. A. R., & Updegraff, J. A. (2000). Biobehavioral responses to stress in females: Tend-and-befriend, not fight-or-flight. Psychological Review, 107, 411–429. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Veenhoven, R. (1989). How harmful is happiness? Rotterdam: Universitaire Pers Rotterdam. Google Scholar
  • Wilson , W. (1967). Correlates of avowed happiness. Psychological Bulletin, 67, 294–306. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Wittgenstein, L. (1953). Philosophical investigations. New York: Macmillan. Google Scholar
  • Wright, R. (1994). The moral animal: The new science of evolutionary psychology. New York: Random House. Google Scholar
  • Yearley, L. H. (1990). Mencius and Aquinas: Theories of virtue and conceptions of courage. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. Google Scholar