The Cognitive-Motivational Roots of Conservatives' Desire for the Past

1University of Cologne, Germany

Address correspondence to Anna Schulte, Social Cognition Center Cologne, University of Cologne, Richard-Strauss-Str. 2, 50931, Cologne, Germany. Email: [email protected]

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Joris Lammers

2University of Cologne, Germany

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Published Online:June 2024https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.2024.42.3.233

Abstract

As a political ideology, conservatism is primarily focused on maintaining and restoring past society. This aspect is so central that conservatives’ support for policies is increased simply by framing them as a return to the past. Until now, the underlying process of this temporal framing effect is unclear. Drawing on theories of conservatism as motivated social cognition, four preregistered studies (N_total = 2,405) test the hypothesis that it results from conservatives’ epistemic and existential beliefs about the past. Studies 1 and 2 demonstrate that American conservatives’ preference for past-focused political communication is blocked if the past is perceived to be inconsistent with these beliefs. Studies 3 and 4 (a representative UK sample replication) find that the effect is mediated by epistemic and existential beliefs about the past. This research theoretically integrates the earlier-established conservative temporal framing effect into the wider literature of conservatism as motivated social cognition.

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