To help offer the best experience possible, Guilford uses cookies on its site. By browsing here, you acknowledge our terms of use. For more information, see our Cookie Policy.
You can also read Guilford's Privacy Policy.

×
Skip to main content

ALL ACCESS PASS: All Guilford journals for 30 days, just $49.95 | Click on any article to purchase 

Search
Search
Quick Search anywhere
Advanced Search
Skip main navigation

A Cross-Cultural Investigation of Co-Rumination Via Cellphone Among Emerging Adults

Published Online:September 2019https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2019.38.7.671

Abstract

Introduction: This study investigated cellphone-mediated co-rumination and its association with emerging adults' anxiety, depression, and social functioning. Comparisons on the basis of gender and nation of residence (United States vs. Italy) were made, and the co-rumination subcomponent of co-brooding was explored.

Method: Participants included 216 undergraduate students recruited in the southeastern United States and 375 students recruited in southern Italy.

Results: Co-rumination via cellphone was associated with higher levels of anxiety and depression and lower levels of social self-efficacy in the U.S. sample. Analyses of the co-brooding element of co-rumination via cellphone revealed its robust association with anxiety and depression in the U.S. sample. In contrast, among Italian emerging adults co-rumination via cellphone was not associated with anxiety or depression and it was positively associated with social well-being. Co-brooding via cellphone was not associated with anxiety or depression in the Italy sample.

Discussion: Cross-cultural and gender differences in co-rumination via cellphone and psychosocial functioning are discussed.

REFERENCES

  • Ames-Sikora A. M., , Donohue M. R., , & Tully E. C. (2017). Nonlinear associations between co-rumination and both social support and depression symptoms. The Journal of Psychology, 151, 597–612. Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Balsamo M. (2013). Personality and depression: Evidence of a possible mediating role for anger trait in the relationship between cooperativeness and depression. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 54, 46–52. Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Balsamo M., , Carlucci L., , Sergi M., , & Saggino A. (2016). Validazione della versione italiana del Co-Rumination Questionnaire [Validation of the Italian version of the Co-Rumination Questionnaire]. Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale/Italian Journal of Cognitive and Behavioural Psychotherapy, 22, 13–34. Google Scholar
  • Balsamo M., , Carlucci L., , Sergi M. R., , Murdock K. K., , & Saggino A. (2015). The mediating role of early maladaptive schemas in the relation between co-rumination and depression in young adults. PloS One, 10, e0140177. Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Balsamo M., , Carlucci L., , Sergi M. R., , Romanelli R., , D'Ambrosio I., , Fairfield B., , … Saggino A. (2016). A new measure for trait and state anxiety: The state trait inventory of cognitive and somatic anxiety (STICSA). standardization in an Italian population. Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale/Italian Journal of Cognitive and Behavioural Psychotherapy, 22, 229–232. Google Scholar
  • Balsamo M., , Cataldi F., , Carlucci L., , & Fairfield B. (2018). Assessment of anxiety in older adults: A review of self-report measures. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 13, 573–593. Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Balsamo M., , Cataldi F., , Carlucci L., , Padulo C., , & Fairfield B. (2018). Assessment of late-life depression via self-report measures: a review. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 13, 2021–2044. Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Balsamo M., , Giampaglia G., , & Saggino A. (2014). Building a new Rasch-based self-report inventory of depression. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 10, 153. Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Balsamo M., , Imperatori C., , Sergi M. R., , Belvederi Murri M., , Continisio M., , Tamburello A., , … Saggino A. (2013). Cognitive vulnerabilities and depression in young adults: An ROC curves analysis. Depression Research and Treatment, 2013, 1–8. Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Balsamo M., , Innamorati M., , Van Dam N. T., , Carlucci L., , & Saggino A. (2015). Measuring anxiety in the elderly: Psychometric properties of the state trait inventory of cognitive and somatic anxiety (STICSA) in an elderly Italian sample. International Psychogeriatrics, 27, 999–1008. Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Balsamo M., , Lauriola M., , & Saggino A. (2013). Work values and college major choice. Learning and Individual Differences, 24, 110–116. Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Balsamo M., , Macchia A., , Carlucci L., , Picconi L., , Tommasi M., , Gilbert P., , & Saggino A. (2015). Measurement of external shame: An inside view. Journal of Personality Assessment, 97, 81–89. Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Balsamo M., , Romanelli R., , Innamorati M., , Ciccarese G., , Carlucci L., , & Saggino A. (2013). The state-trait anxiety inventory: shadows and lights on its construct validity. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 35, 475–486. Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Balsamo M., , & Saggino A. (2013). Teate depression inventory: Manual. Firenze: Hogrefe. Google Scholar
  • Balsamo M., , & Saggino A. (2014). Determining a diagnostic cut-off on the Teate Depression Inventory. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 10, 987–995. Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Barstead M. G., , Bouchard L. C., , & Shih J. H. (2013). Understanding gender differences in co-rumination and confidant choice in young adults. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 32, 791–808. Link, Google Scholar
  • Bastian B., , Kuppens P., , De Roover K., , & Diener E. (2014). Is valuing positive emotion associated with life satisfaction? Emotion, 14, 639–645. Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Bastin M., , Bijttebier P., , Raes F., , & Vasey M. W. (2014). Brooding and reflecting in an interpersonal context. Personality and Individual Differences, 63, 100–105. Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Bastin M., , Mezulis A. H., , Ahles J., , Raes F., , & Bijttebier P. (2015). Moderating effects of brooding and co-rumination on the relationship between stress and depressive symptoms in early adolescence: A multi-wave study. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 43, 607–618. Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Bastin M., , Vanhalst J., , Raes F., , & Bijttebier P. (2018). Co-brooding and co-reflection as differential predictors of depressive symptoms and friendship quality in adolescents: Investigating the moderating role of gender. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 47, 1037–1051. Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Berscheid E., , Snyder M., , & Omoto A. M. (1989). The relationship closeness inventory: Assessing the closeness of interpersonal relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 792–807. Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Bradbury R. (2017). The digital lives of millenials and Gen Z. Liveperson, Inc. Retrieved from https://www.liveperson.com/resources/reports/digital-lives-of-millennials-genz/ Google Scholar
  • Calmes C. A., , & Roberts J. E. (2008). Rumination in interpersonal relationships: Does co-rumination explain gender differences in emotional distress and relationship satisfaction among college students? Cognitive Therapy and Research, 32, 577–590. Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Carlucci L., , D'Ambrosio I., , Innamorati M., , Saggino A., , & Balsamo M. (2018). Co-rumination, anxiety, and maladaptive cognitive schemas: When friendship can hurt. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 11, 133–144. Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Carlucci L., , Watkins M., , Segi M. R., , Cataldi F., , Saggino A., , & Balsamo M. (2018). Dimensions of anxiety, age, and gender: Assessing dimensionality and measurement invariance of the State-Trait for Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety(STICSA) in an Italian Sample. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 2345. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02345 Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Choliz M. (2010). Mobile phone addiction: a point of issue. Addiction, 105, 373–374. Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Contardi A., , Imperatori C., , Amati I., , Balsamo M., , & Innamorati M. (2018). Assessment of affect lability: Psychometric properties of the ALS-18. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 427. Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Dam A., , Roelofs J., , & Muris P. (2014). Correlates of co-rumination in non-clinical adolescents. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 23, 521–526. Crossref, Google Scholar
  • de Waure C., , Soffiani V., , Virdis A., , Poscia A., , & Di Pietro M. (2015). Italian university students' self-perceived health and satisfaction of life. Ann Ist Super Sanita, 51, 121–125. Google Scholar
  • Dirghangi S., , Kahn G., , Laursen B., , Brendgen M., , Vitaro F., , Dionne G., , & Boivin M. (2015). Co-rumination cultivates anxiety: A genetically informed study of friend influence during early adolescence. Developmental Psychology, 51, 564–571. Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Dodou D., , & de Winter J. C. (2014). Social desirability is the same in offline, online, and paper surveys: A meta-analysis. Computers in Human Behavior, 36, 487–495. Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Enez Darcin A., , Kose S., , Noyan C. O., , Nurmedov S., , Yılmaz O., , & Dilbaz N. (2016). Smartphone addiction and its relationship with social anxiety and loneliness. Behaviour & Information Technology, 35, 520–525. Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Field A. (2000). Discovering statistics using SPSS for windows. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Google Scholar
  • Gallagher M. W., , Lopez S. J., , & Preacher K. J. (2009). The hierarchical structure of well-being. Journal of Personality, 77, 1025–1050. Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Grieve R., , Witteveen K., , Tolan G. A., , & Jacobson B. (2014). Development and validation of a measure of cognitive and behavioural social self-efficacy. Personality and Individual Differences, 59, 71–76. Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Grossmann I., , & Kross E. (2010). The impact of culture on adaptive versus maladaptive self-reflection. Psychological Science, 21, 1150–1157. Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Hankin B. L., , Stone L., , & Wright P. A. (2010). Corumination, interpersonal stress generation, and internalizing symptoms: Accumulating effects and transactional influences in a multiwave study of adolescents. Development and Psychopathology, 22, 217–235. Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Innamorati M., , Tamburello S., , Contardi A., , Imperatori C., , Tamburello A., , Saggino A., , & Balsamo M. (2013). Psychometric properties of the attitudes toward self-revised in Italian young adults. Depression Research and Treatment, 2013, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/209216 Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Junco R. (2013). Comparing actual and self-reported measures of Facebook use. Computers in Human Behavior, 29, 626–631. Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Junco R. (2014). Engaging students through social media: Evidence-based practices for use in student affairs. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass: John Wiley & Sons. Google Scholar
  • Junco R., , & Cotten S. R. (2012). No A 4 U: The relationship between multitasking and academic performance. Computers & Education, 59, 505–514. Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Keshishian A. C., , Watkins M. A., , & Otto M. W. (2016). Clicking away at co-rumination: Co-rumination correlates across different modalities of communication. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 45, 473–478. Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Keyes C.L.M. (1998). Social well-being. Social Psychology Quarterly, 61, 121–140. Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Lopez-Fernandez O., , Kuss D. J., , Romo L., , Morvan Y., , Kern L., , Graziani P., , … Gässler A.-K. (2017). Self-reported dependence on mobile phones in young adults: A European cross-cultural empirical survey. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 6, 168–177. Crossref, Google Scholar
  • McGuirk L., , Kuppens P., , Kingston R., , & Bastian B. (2017). Does a culture of happiness increase rumination over failure? Emotion, 18, 755–764. Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Murdock K. K., , Gorman S., , & Robbins M. (2015). Co-rumination via cellphone moderates the association of perceived interpersonal stress and psychosocial well-being in emerging adults. Journal of Adolescence, 38, 27–37. Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Nolen-Hoeksema S., , Wisco B. E., , & Lyubomirsky S. (2008). Rethinking rumination. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3, 400–424. Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Petrillo G., , Capone V., , Caso D., , & Keyes C. L. (2015). The Mental Health Continuum–Short Form (MHC–SF) as a measure of well-being in the Italian context. Social Indicators Research, 121, 291–312. Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Pew Research Center. (2018). Mobile fact sheet. Pew Research Center: Internet, Science & Tech. Retrieved from: http://www.pewinternet.org/fact-sheet/mobile/. Google Scholar
  • Ree M. J., , French D., , MacLeod C., , & Locke V. (2008). Distinguishing cognitive and somatic dimensions of state and trait anxiety: Development and validation of the State-Trait Inventory for Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety (STICSA). Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 36, 313–332. Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Roberts J., , Yaya L., , & Manolis C. (2014). The invisible addiction: Cell-phone activities and addiction among male and female college students. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 3, 254–265. Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Rose A. J. (2002). Co–rumination in the friendships of girls and boys. Child Development, 73, 1830–1843. Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Rose A. J., , Carlson W., , & Waller E. M. (2007). Prospective associations of co-rumination with friendship and emotional adjustment: Considering the socioemotional trade-offs of co-rumination. Developmental Psychology, 43, 1019–1031. Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Ruan L., , Pendergast L.L., , Balsamo M., et al. (2019). Measuring depression in young adults: Preliminary development of an English version of the Teate Depression Inventory. Manuscript in Preparation. Google Scholar
  • Saggino A., , Balsamo M., , Carlucci L., , Cavalletti V., , Sergi M. R., , da Fermo G., , … Pizzo S. (2018). Psychometric properties of the Italian version of the young schema questionnaire l–3: Preliminary results. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 312. Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Saggino A., , Carlucci L., , Sergi M. R., , D'Ambrosio I., , Fairfield B., , Cera N., , & Balsamo M. (2017). A validation study of the psychometric properties of the Other As Shamer Scale–2. SAGE Open, 7. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244017704241 Google Scholar
  • Sanavio E. (1988). Obsessions and compulsions: The Padua Inventory. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 26, 169–177. Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Smith A., , & Page D. (2015). U.S. smartphone use in 2015. Pew Research Center, 1. Google Scholar
  • Smith R. L., , & Rose A. J. (2011). The “cost of caring” in youths' friendships: Considering associations among social perspective taking, co-rumination, and empathetic distress. Developmental Psychology, 47, 1792–1803. Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Spendelow J. S., , Simonds L. M., , & Avery R. E. (2017). The relationship between co-rumination and internalizing problems: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 24, 512–527. Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Starr L. R. (2015). When support seeking backfires: Co-rumination, excessive reassurance seeking, and depressed mood in the daily lives of young adults. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 34, 436–457. Link, Google Scholar
  • Sternberger L., , & Burns L. (1990). Obsessions and compulsions: psychometric properties of the Padua Inventory with an American college population. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 28, 341–345. Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Tabachnick B. G., , & Fidell L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics. (6th ed.) Boston: Pearson. Google Scholar
  • Tompkins T. L., , Hockett A. R., , Abraibesh N., , & Witt J. L. (2011). A closer look at co-rumination: Gender, coping, peer functioning and internalizing/externalizing problems. Journal of Adolescence, 34, 801–811. Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Treynor W., , Gonzalez R., , & Nolen-Hoeksema S. (2003). Rumination reconsidered: A psychometric analysis. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 27, 247–259. Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Vahedi Z., , & Saiphoo A. (2018). The association between smartphone use, stress, and anxiety: A meta-analytic review. Stress and Health, 34, 347–358. Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Van Zalk N., , & Tillfors M. (2017). Co-rumination buffers the link between social anxiety and depressive symptoms in early adolescence. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 11, 41. Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Weigold A., , Weigold I. K., , & Russell E. J. (2013). Examination of the equivalence of self-report survey-based paper-and-pencil and internet data collection methods. Psychological Methods, 18, 53–70. Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Zelic K. J., , Ciesla J. A., , Dickson K. S., , Hruska L. C., , & Ciesla S. N. (2017). An experimental investigation of co-rumination, problem solving, and distraction. Behavior Therapy, 48, 403–412. Crossref, Google Scholar
Previous article
Next article